“Cloud vs. Colocation Data Centers” — Which Solution Fits Your Business Needs? - Related to which, super.super.method(), colocation, your, calling

“Cloud vs. Colocation Data Centers” — Which Solution Fits Your Business Needs?

Choosing between Cloud and Colocation depends on your business needs, infrastructure preferences, and performance expectations. While cloud services offer scalability and flexibility through virtualised environments, colocation provides greater control over hardware with dedicated, low-latency connectivity. Understanding these differences is crucial for making an informed IT strategy.

Read the latest Blog by Sify Technologies’ to explore the benefits of each approach and determine the best fit for your business: Cloud vs. Colocation: Key Differences.

CloudComputing #Colocation #DataCenters #SifyTechnologies #ITInfrastructure #BusinessGrowth.

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Selenium Datepicker Example

Interacting with date pickers in web applications can be challenging due to their different implementations. Some date pickers allow direct text input, while others require selecting a date from a dropdown calendar. In this article, we will use Selenium WebDriver and JUnit to automate the selection of a date from the “Date of Birth” field on DemoQA’s Automation Practice Form.

Add the following dependencies to your [website] file:

org.seleniumhq.selenium selenium-java [website] [website] junit-jupiter-api [website] test [website] junit-jupiter-engine [website] [website] webdrivermanager [website].

These dependencies set up Selenium WebDriver for browser automation, JUnit 5 for testing, and WebDriverManager for automatic driver management. selenium-java provides the core API, while junit-jupiter-api and junit-jupiter-engine enable writing and running tests. WebDriverManager eliminates manual driver downloads, ensuring compatibility with the latest browser versions.

Now, let’s write the JUnit test to open the DemoQA page and select a date from the date picker.

To select the year (1995), the script locates the year dropdown using the XPath:

WebElement yearDropdown = driver.findElement([website]"//select[@class='react-datepicker__year-select']"));

Similarly, the month dropdown is located using XPath and the required month (December) is selected.

Finally, the script selects the 10th day of the month using XPath with contains() to make it more dynamic and resistant to changes:

WebElement day = driver.findElement([website]"//div[contains(@class,'react-datepicker__day') and text()='10']")); [website];

After selecting the date, the test retrieves the value of the date input field using getAttribute("value") and verifies that it matches “10 Dec 1995”. If the selected date does not match, the test will fail.

Once the test completes, the tearDown() method ensures that the browser closes, preventing unnecessary resource usage.

In this article, we explored how to automate date selection from a Selenium datepicker using XPath in a JUnit test. We interacted with the datepicker UI by selecting the year, month, and day dynamically, ensuring accurate date selection. The test verified the chosen date by retrieving the input field’s value. By leveraging XPath locators, we created a flexible test that mimics real user interaction. This approach is particularly useful for handling complex web elements and improving test reliability.

This was a guide on automating Selenium datepicker selection for form testing using JUnit and WebDriver.

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Why Calling super.super.method() is Not Allowed in Java

Why Calling [website] is Not Allowed in Java.

Java follows a strict object-oriented approach with a well-defined inheritance model. Unlike some languages that allow direct access to grandparent methods, Java restricts access to only the immediate superclass using super . Let us delve into understanding why Java super super not allowed is a restriction in the language.

In Java, the super keyword allows a subclass to access methods of its direct superclass. It allows access to:

Superclass methods that are overridden in a subclass.

However, developers sometimes expect to call methods of the grandparent class (two levels up) directly using [website] , but Java does not allow this.

Java enforces encapsulation and method resolution through a single-level inheritance mechanism. Directly calling a grandparent’s method would break this encapsulation and can lead to ambiguity in method resolution.

class Grandparent { void show() { [website]"Grandparent method"); } } class Parent extends Grandparent { void show() { [website]"Parent method"); } } class Child extends Parent { void display() { // Attempting [website] is NOT ALLOWED // [website]; // This will cause a compilation error } }.

The above example attempts to call [website] but fails to compile because Java does not allow skipping levels in inheritance.

In the above example, Java programming language prevents [website] because:

Violation of Encapsulation: Java enforces encapsulation by ensuring that a subclass interacts with its immediate superclass without direct access to deeper levels of the inheritance chain. Allowing [website] would expose internal implementation details of the class hierarchy, making it harder to refactor or modify base classes without affecting subclasses. In the following code, class C should only interact with B , but if [website] were allowed, it would break encapsulation and tightly couple C to A , violating abstraction principles. class A { void show() { [website]"Class A method"); } } class B extends A { @Override void show() { [website]"Class B method"); } } class C extends B { @Override void show() { [website]"Class C method"); [website]; // Calls B's method // [website]; // Invalid in Java - would break encapsulation } } public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { C obj = new C(); [website]; } }.

would expose internal implementation details of the class hierarchy, making it harder to refactor or modify base classes without affecting subclasses. Ambiguity with Multiple Inheritance via Interfaces: While Java does not support multiple inheritance with classes, it allows a class to implement multiple interfaces. If Java permitted [website] , resolving method calls from multiple interfaces could lead to conflicts, especially when different interfaces provide default methods with the same name. In the example below, interfaces X and Y both define a show() method. If [website] were allowed, it would be unclear which implementation should be invoked. interface X { default void show() { [website]"Interface X"); } } interface Y { default void show() { [website]"Interface Y"); } } class Z implements X, Y { @Override public void show() { // Conflict! Java does not allow automatic resolution of super calls from multiple interfaces. // [website]; // Invalid in Java [website]; // Must explicitly specify which interface to call } } public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Z obj = new Z(); [website]; // Calls X's implementation explicitly } }.

, resolving method calls from multiple interfaces could lead to conflicts, especially when different interfaces provide default methods with the same name. Dynamic Method Resolution (Polymorphism) via Virtual Method Table (VMT): Java uses a mechanism called the Virtual Method Table (VMT) to resolve method calls dynamically at runtime. This ensures that the most specific overridden method in the hierarchy is executed. If [website] were allowed, it would bypass this mechanism, leading to unexpected behavior and breaking polymorphism. In the example below, Java ensures that method resolution happens dynamically. If [website] were allowed, it would force execution of a grandparent’s method, breaking the expected behavior. class Parent { void display() { [website]"Parent class"); } } class Child extends Parent { @Override void display() { [website]"Child class"); } } class GrandChild extends Child { @Override void display() { [website]"GrandChild class"); super.display(); // Calls Child's method // [website]; // Invalid in Java - would break VMT resolution } } public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Parent obj = new GrandChild(); obj.display(); // Calls the most overridden method in GrandChild due to VMT } }.

Though [website] is not allowed, we can explicitly call the grandparent’s method by defining a public method in the parent class that exposes it.

// Base class (Grandparent) with a method 'show' class Grandparent { void show() { [website]"Grandparent method"); } } // Intermediate class (Parent) that overrides 'show' from Grandparent class Parent extends Grandparent { void show() { [website]"Parent method"); } // Method to explicitly call Grandparent's 'show' using 'super' void callGrandparentShow() { [website]; // Calls Grandparent's show() method } } // Child class that extends Parent class Child extends Parent { void display() { // Indirectly calls Grandparent's show() through Parent's callGrandparentShow() callGrandparentShow(); } } // Test class with main method public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { Child c = new Child(); c.display(); } }.

In the given Java code, we have a class hierarchy demonstrating method overriding and the use of super to access a grandparent class method.

The Grandparent class has a method show() that prints “Grandparent method”. The Parent class extends Grandparent and overrides the show() method to print “Parent method”. Additionally, it has a method callGrandparentShow() , which explicitly calls the show() method from Grandparent using [website] .

The Child class extends Parent and defines a method display() , which calls callGrandparentShow() . This ensures that the show() method from Grandparent is invoked, bypassing the overridden show() method in Parent .

In the main method, an instance of Child is created, and the display() method is called. This triggers a chain of method calls: display() → callGrandparentShow() → [website] , resulting in “Grandparent method” being printed.

This code illustrates the concept of method overriding and how super can be used to access methods from grandparent classes in a multilevel inheritance structure.

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